Evolution of orbitolinid foraminifers and anoxic events: A comment on an article by J. Guex, Eclogae geol. Helv. 94 (2001) 321–328     

Antonietta Cherchi  Rolf Schroeder 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2004,97(3):441-444

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Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath southern Finland revealed by analysis of local events registered by the SVEKALAPKO seismic array     

SVEKALAPKO Seismic Tomography Working Group  Jukka Yliniemi  Elena Kozlovskaya  Sven-Erik Hjelt  Kari Komminaho  Anton Ushakov 《Tectonophysics》2004,394(1-2):41-67

In 1998–1999, a large-scale seismic array was deployed in Finland as a part of the EUROPROBE/SVEKALAPKO subproject, involving 14 European universities and research institutes. The objective of the project was to map the deep lithosphere structure and thickness beneath the Fennoscandian Shield by means of teleseismic events. In addition, about 580 local seismic events were registered during the data acquisition period. Among them, only eight local earthquakes were recorded, the rest being quarry blasts from mining sites in Russia, Finland, Estonia and Sweden. In this study, we present the analysis of the seismic wave field from the strongest local events registered by the majority of the stations of the SVEcofennian–KArelian–LAPland–KOla Transect (SVEKALAPKO) array with the aim of mapping the structure of the upper mantle beneath the array. For this purpose, we selected the events corresponding to a single source type and compared these recordings with those from wide-angle reflection and refraction experiments in the area to identify the regional phases. The record sections of selected events demonstrate strong reflections (PmP) from the Moho boundary. The refracted Pn phases can be seen as first arrivals at distances of about 200–400 km from the source. At offsets of about 400–800 km, phases reflected from inhomogeneities in the uppermost mantle (P1) and double reflections from the Moho boundary (PmPPmP) were recorded.Results from 2D forward ray trace modeling of reflected and refracted P-waves along four profile swathes from SVEKALAPKO stations demonstrate that the mantle reflections originate from two different groups of boundaries beneath the array: one group of phases arrive from subhorizontal and gently dipping reflectors below the Moho boundary at a depth of 70–90 km, while the other group are phases originating from a depth of 100 to 130 km. Based on the irregular character of the first group of reflections, their different spatial orientation and correlation with the Moho offsets, we interpret the boundaries of this group as relicts of ancient subduction and collision processes. The second group of reflections can be explained by a transition from mechanically strong to mechanically weak lithosphere.  相似文献   

Teleconnections between oceanic–atmospheric indices and drought over Iran using quantile regressions     

Mohsen Amini  Mohammad Ghadami  Farshad Fathian 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(13):2286-2295

ABSTRACT

In this research, the Bayesian quantile regression model is applied to investigate the teleconnections between large oceanic–atmospheric indices and drought standardized precipitation index (SPI) in Iran. The 12-month SPI time series from 138 synoptic stations for 1952–2014 were selected as the drought index. Three oceanic–atmospheric indices, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), were selected as covariates. The results show that NAO has the weakest impact on drought in different quantiles and different regions in Iran. La Niña conditions amplified droughts through all SPI quantiles in western, Caspian Sea coastal regions and southern regions. The positive phase of MEI significantly modulates low SPI quantiles (i.e. drought conditions) throughout the Zagros region, Caspian Sea coastal regions and southern regions. The study shows that the effect of large oceanic–atmospheric indices have heterogeneous impacts on extreme dry and wet conditions.  相似文献   

Spectral characteristics of seismic events off the coast of the Levant     

Yefim Gitterman  Avi Shapira 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,116(2):485-497

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Magnetostratigraphic Data From Late Quaternary Sediments From the Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean: Evidence For Four Geomagnetic Polarity Events Within the Last 170 Ka of the Brunhes Chron   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Norbert R. Nowaczyk  Thomas W. Frederichs  Anton Eisenhauer  Gunilla Gard 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,117(2):453-471

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THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EVENTS IN THE PAST 30 YEARS IN SHENYANG CITY     

Bi Jun  Tang Yijian  Zhang Shen 《地理学报(英文版)》1995,(1)

1.IntroductionEnvironmentalrisk'isamajorenvirotunedlthreattothesustainabilityoftheropon.ItsanalysishasbecomeafOcusofenvironmentalstudyinthepastl0years.0win8torapideconothecdeveloPmentinChina,manykindsOfpotatialriskshavegreatlyhamPeredtheroponalsustainable…  相似文献   

桐柏——大别山主要构造热事件及40Ar/39Ar地质定年研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

牛宝贵  富云莲  刘志刚  任纪舜  陈文 《地球学报》1994,15(Z1):20-34

桐柏——大别山是一条复合造山带。在其演化过程中曾经历了扬子旋回（1000Ma-761Ma）和加里东旋回（470Ma-401Ma）两个板块构造旋回的俯冲-碰撞造山作用，之后又经历了早、中华力西（357Ma-314Ma）的平移走滑和晚华力西（286Ma-261Ma）、印支期（224Ma-185Ma）、燕山期（130Ma-111Ma）逆掩或逆冲推覆的陆-陆叠覆造山作用。印支期的高压超高压变质岩系是在陆-陆叠覆造山作用下形成的。燕山期的造山不仅具显著的深层次构造岩浆作用特点，而且还伴随快速的隆升作用。  相似文献   

Marine depositional events controlled by sediment supply and sea-level changes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

G. Einsele 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(2):173-184

Under conditions of high fluvial or coastal sediment supply, individual sandy storm layers (tempestites) and turbidites form after significantly shorter time intervals than Milankovitch cycles. To provide the material for mass flows of very high volume, large, mountainborne rivers require about ten thousand years. With little sediment supply, however, all event deposits become rare or are missing.Third-order sequences (about 1–4 Ma) vary considerably in thickness depending on the sedimentation rates in the basins. Thick and widely extended mud flows and megabreccias are preferentially triggered by sea level fall below the shelf edge. Mixed siliciclastics-carbonate systems along the foot of carbonate shelves generally become coarser grained and poorer in carbonates during lowstands. Turbidite successions also frequently occur in lowstand deposits, but may be present in the other systems tracts as well if a delta is prograding continually.The position of tempestites in third or higher order shallow water sequences is less clear. In studies on the migration of coastal sands in relation to falling and rising sea level, one should distinguish, apart from sediment supply, between settings with and without substantial wave scour. The generation of sandy tempestites appears to be favoured if coastal progradation and wave scour operate simultaneously for example during late highstand and early lowstand.  相似文献   

湘中地区奥陶系和震旦系含锰层中稳定同位素组成的沉积学新解释          下载免费PDF全文

杨振强  蒋德和  赵时久 《沉积与特提斯地质》1993,(2):25-36

湘中地区有中奥陶世和早震旦世两个重要的锰碳酸盐层。安化县附近的湘锰组含锰泥灰岩和锰白云岩的碳和氧同位素值分别为—2.69～—4.00‰PDB和—6.87～—14.04‰PDB。湘锰组MnCO_3有δ~(12)C值—7.44～—13‰PDB和δ~(18)O值—2.65～—13.03‰。磨刀溪组黑色页岩(中奥陶世)中的Mn-泥灰岩显示负的δ~(13)C值(—1.7～—6.56‰PDB)和δ~(18)O值(—11.67～—14‰PDB)。但结晶锰矿石有更高的负δ~(13)C(—4.70％～—17.79‰PDB)和δ~(18)O(—11.67～17.27‰)。本区存在三种锰碳酸盐岩C和O同位素演化趋势:(1)安化地区的锰灰岩为稳定的δ~(13)C趋势;(2)湘锰组黑色页岩中的MnCO_3具有同步趋势:(3)中奥陶世黑色页岩中的锰矿石具有强烈反向趋势。碳成岩作用对锰碳酸盐形成过程中C和O同位素组成影响很大。湘锰组碳酸盐来源为非生物成因的海洋CO_2和SR至Me带的有机碳加入有关。磨刀溪组结晶锰碳酸盐的主要来源是热解脱羧基带(D)。δ~(34)S也为生物来源(—8～—27.49‰CDT)。Mn(％)品位与δ~(13)C呈负相关关系。证据表明锰碳酸盐成因与海盆地缺氧事件和海底热水(喷气)沉积有关。  相似文献   

Early Permian to Middle Jurassic rifting and sedimentation in East Africa and Madagascar     

O. Hankel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(4):703-710

Pre-drift sediments of Madagascar (Early Permian-Middle Jurassic) have been studied palynologically. These studies resulted in a more precise dating of individual stratigraphic units and the recognition of minor and major breaks in the succession. Palynostratigraphic and physical evidence of unconformities have been used to subdivide the pre-drift sediments into depositional cycles and to infer rifting events. A comparison with equivalent strata of Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia shows a general correspondence and provides additional information for the construction of a generalized framework for the East African/Madagascan region which demonstrates the relationships between rifting and sedimentation and elucidates the prehistory of the break-up of Gondwana into a western and eastern fragment during the Middle Jurassic. The predrift succession of East Africa/Madagascar can be subdivided into two major sequences, a Karoo sequence (cycles 1–5, Asselian-early Smithian) and a transitional sequence (cycles 6–9, Ladinian-early Bajocian). The two sequences are separeted by a late Scythian to Anisian hiatus which indicates extensive uplift and erosion before a major rifting event initiated the resumption of sedimentation in the Ladinian. This Middle Triassic event marks the transition from the intracratonic rift stage to the pericratonic basin stage and correlates with a significant event in the Pangaean history, the transition from final coalescence to initial dispersal. The onset of the southward drift of Madagascar is believed to have occurred about 60 Ma later near the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary, contemporaneous with or immediately after the deposition of syntectonic sediments of cycle 9.  相似文献